So, NASA created an experiment called HERA. Within the framework of this campaign, the astronauts are preparing to fly to the Red Land. This project simulates the life of astronauts on Mars. The building has two floors, on which there are living and working spaces. Within the framework of this project, astronauts solve special tasks from NASA. The experiment is observed by psychologists who focus on the analysis of the relationships of the crew members. This experiment takes two weeks, but NASA wants to raise the number of days to 60.

Also, NASA thought about food, which can not be replenished regularly from the native planet. That is why another experiment of the department is the independent cultivation of food suitable for astronauts. It is assumed that astronauts will be able to grow the necessary agricultural crops on the surface of Mars. So, during the experiment at the International Space Station, NASA wards managed to harvest a salad crop.

It is believed that there are no water bodies on the Mars. The extraction of water from the ground can be too energy-intensive. NASA launched the Water Recovery System project. The essence of this innovation is the following: astronauts will be able to process the drunk liquid into absolutely pure water. This technology has already been successfully used in crisis situations - with natural disasters and with a lack of water in poor areas of the Earth.

In order to live on Mars only food, water and home will not be enough. There is too little oxygen on this distant planet. NASA came up with the Oxygen Generation System, which realizes the electrolysis of oxygen from a person's exhaled carbon dioxide.

A reliable space suit on Mars is another indispensable attribute of an astronaut. On this planet, there is an unacceptable for a person Martian dust. It should not get inside the suit and the dwelling. Not so long ago, NASA decided on how an impenetrable suit of future "Martians" will look like.

The astronauts will be able to navigate the planet on the NASA-developed transport - Multi-MissionSpace Exploration Vehicle. This Martian all-terrain vehicle has six unfolding wheels and can perform maneuvers on rough terrain.

Also, NASA is developing ionic engines that will be very useful in future space exploration. Such engines realize reactive thrust to considerable speeds by means of ionized and accelerated gas. This technique has already been installed at the Dawn and New Horizons stations. The advantages of these nanoengines are a small fuel consumption and durability. Now NASA is developing a similar engine, which, it is supposed, can be used in manned missions.

The energy of the sun will also be applied when flying to Mars. This modern source of energy is very relevant in space - there is practically no wind on a distant planet. Solar photo panels installed on the ISS, can provide electricity to about 39 private homes. The same panels are available on the Orion spacecraft. The energy they take is accumulated in lithium-ion batteries - astronauts will be able to live without real sunlight on the unlit side of the Moon's orbit.

Besides, NASA, together with its partners, is creating glasses of additional reality. This gadget will be available to astronauts on the International Space Station, moreover, they will complement the design of future spacesuits.